We used regression study to examine the relationship ranging from HWDI and you will BF% did towards the folks independently

Numerous linear regression research was initially utilized, followed by a study of the potential for an excellent nonlinear relationship current by the together with quadratic and you can cubic forms. Adjusted [Roentgen.sup.2] and you may simple error of guess (SEE) philosophy were used to compare the new abilities of the predictive design regarding BF%.

All account away from p were several-sided and you may p lower than 0.05 are felt mathematically extreme. All of the analyses was in fact performed playing with STATA software adaptation a dozen.0 (STATA Corp, College or university Station, Colorado, USA) and you may SPSS type 17.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, USA).

3.1. Study Population and Baseline Characteristics. All 2,771 participants in this study were over 18 years and comprised 64% women with a median age of 52 years (IQR, 43-60) and 36% men with a median age of 60 years (IQR, 47-68). The BF% in men was statistically significantly lower than in women (27% and 34%, resp.; p < 0.001). The difference in HWDI between men and women was also statistically significant (101 [IQR, 95-107] for men and 98 [IQR, 92-104] for women; p < 0.001) (see Table 1).

Inside our studies, HWDI, a comparatively new obesity aspect signal, is actually located to own an inverse relationship with BF% in folks

Profile step 1 suggests the connection ranging from average Body mass index and you can decades. It actually was found that, from the period of 18 in order to 39 age, the indicate Body mass index expands as decades grows however,, once interacting with sixty years of age, the fresh new suggest Bmi decrease because years grows (select Profile 1(a)). The reverse is available for the dating between mean HWDI and you may ages.

3.2. Relationship between HWDI and BF%. Figure 2 shows the relationship between HWDI and BF%. Pearson’s correlation coefficient (r) = -0.200 (p < 0.001) in men and r = -0.473 (p < 0.001) in women. In contrast, the direct relationship was found between BMI and BF%, r = 0.144 (p < 0.001) in men and r = 0.421 (p < 0.001) in women. Furthermore, the relationship between HWDI and BF% was statistically significant even when analyzed with respect to age group and gender (p < 0.001) (see Figure 3).

Statistically, an inverse relationships between HWDI and you can BF% are located as the HWDI enhanced whenever you are BF% worth significantly reduced

3.3. The Effect of Age, Gender, and HWDI on BF%. The study of the effect of age, gender, and HWDI on BF% showed all three variables’ relationship with BF% to be statistically significant for building a prediction model (p < 0.001 for all variables). HWDI and BF% by age and gender resulted in r = -0.629/ - 0.518 (men/women) for the 18-39-year age group, r = -0.372/ - 0.560 for the 40-59-year age group, and r = -0.125/ - 0.369 for age group over 60 years (see Figure 3).

3.4. Predictive Modeling of BF% by Gender. In this study, several forms of relationship between HWDI and BF% were studied: linear, quadratic, and cubic. However, Figure 3 shows that the relationship tended to be in linear form more than the others, and so we elected to use a linear form in the construction of the BF% prediction model. The results of a multivariate linear regression analysis, which includes the HWDI and age variables, yielded a BF% for men of – 0.159 (HWDI) + 0.161 (age) [adjusted [R.sup.2] = 0.215, standard error of estimate (SEE) = 5.37%, p < 0.001], and, for women, - 0.265 (HWDI) + 0.132 (Age) [adjusted [R.sup.2] = 0.337, SEE = 4.39%, p < 0.001] (see Table 2).

But not, Pearson’s correlation coefficients was found to be reasonable (r = -0.20 for males and you may r = -0.47 for ladies) when compared to past studies one to put almost every other obesity review tools with BF% [sixteen,18, 19]. In the 1996, Gallagher ainsi que al. examined the relationship anywhere between Bmi and BF% and you will claimed values regarding roentgen = 0.58 for men and you will roentgen = 0.72 for females. Ilman et al. possess advertised roentgen = 0.85 for males and you can r = 0.83 for females. For every single research explained a distinct BF% forecast model. It actually was before reported that, and years and you can intercourse, other factors particularly nationality, ethnicity, and you can religion also may help boost the accuracy out-of a good BF% prediction model [sixteen,19-23].